Tag Archive for: Koraszülöttek szoptatása

Increased Lactation Risk for Late Preterm Infants and Mothers: Evidence and Management Strategies to Protect Breastfeeding

Meier PP, Furman LM, Degenhardt M.
J Midwifery Womens Health. 2007 Nov-Dec;52(6):579-87.

Abstract

Late preterm infants (34 0/7-36 6/7 weeks of gestation) are often cared for in general maternity units by clinicians who have limited experience with the specific needs of these newborns. Although the benefits of human milk are well documented, mothers and their late preterm infants are at risk for poor lactation outcomes. These include early breastfeeding cessation and lactation-associated morbidities, including poor growth, jaundice, and dehydration. Late preterm infants are more likely than term infants to develop temperature instability, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, jaundice, feeding problems, and to require rehospitalization in the first 2 weeks postbirth.
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Human milk reduces the risk of retinal detachment in extremely low-birthweight infants

Okamoto T, Shirai M, Kokubo M, Takahashi S, Kajino M, Takase M, Sakata H, Oki J.

Pediatrics International 49 (6), 894–897.

Abstract

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of blindness in children. Because the use of oxygen is a known risk factor for development of ROP, supplemental oxygen is used carefully. However, it does not necessarily reduce the morbidity of ROP-induced blindness. The aim of the present study was to identify the possible risk factors for progression to retinal detachment, a most relevant cause of visual impairment, in extremely low-birthweight infants (ELBWI).

Methods: The medical records of the 42 ELBWI who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in Asahikawa Kosei Hospital from April 1999 to March 2004 were retrospectively reviewed.
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Persistent Beneficial Effects of Breast Milk Ingested in the NICU on Outcomes of ELBW Infants at 30 Months of Age

Betty R. Vohr, MD, Brenda B. Poindexter, MD, MS, Anna M. Dusick, MD, Leslie T. McKinley, MS, RD, Rosemary D. Higgins, MD, John C. Langer, MS, W. Kenneth Poole, PhD

PEDIATRICS Vol. 120 No. 4 October 2007, pp. e953-e959

Abstract

BACKGROUND. We previously reported beneficial effects of breast milk ingestion by infants with extremely low birth weight in the NICU on developmental outcomes at 18 months’ corrected age. The objective of this study was to determine whether these effects of breast milk in infants with extremely low birth weight persisted at 30 months’ corrected age.

METHODS. Nutrition data, including enteral and parenteral feeds, were prospectively collected, and 30 months’ corrected age follow-up assessments were completed on 773 infants with extremely low birth weight who participated in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network Glutamine Trial.
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The 3 M’s of Breast-feeding the Preterm Infant

Nancy M. Hurst DSN, RN, IBCLC
J Perinat Neonat Nurs Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 234–239

Abstract

Mother’s own milk is considered best for preterm infants. Given the often protracted period between birth and breast-feeding for most preterm newborns, a number of challenges exist for mothers and neonatal intensive care unit nurses in establishing lactation, providing mother’s own milk, and achieving breast-feeding.

This article conceptualizes breast-feeding the preterm infant in the context of the neonatal intensive care unit as a 3-phase process, the 3 M’s of breast-feeding: medication, mother’s milk feedings, and the mechanics of breast-feeding.

A cikk teljes szövege
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Lehetséges, hogy a kórházakban túletetik az újszülötteket

WINNIPEG, Manitoba, Aug. 22 – Az élettani súlyesés kisebb a kórházban tápszerrel táplált újszülöttek esetében, mint a szoptatottaknál, és ez arra utal, hogy a csecsemőket túletetik – állítják a kutatók.

Az első életnapokban történő tápszeres táplálás a metabolikus imprinting (anyagcsere beállítódás) miatt későbbi túlsúlyhoz és elhízáshoz vezethet – írja Patricia J. Martens, Ph.D., Linda Romphf, a Manitobai Egyetem munkatársai a Journal of Human Lactation on-line változatában.

Egy korábbi tanulmány arra az eredményre jutott, hogy az első hét kritikus az ember életében, és minden 100g-nyi többlet a súlynövekedésben 28%-kal növeli a felnőttkori elhízás kockázatát.

A jelenlegi tanulmányban a különböző változók kiküszöbölése után a kutatók – akik mindketten nemzetközi vizsgával rendelkező laktációs szaktanácsadók – megállapították, hogy a kizárólagos tápszeres táplálásnak volt a legnagyobb hatása 3,1%-kal kevesebb súlycsökkenést eredményezve, mint a kizárólagos szoptatás.
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Early human milk feeding is associated with a lower risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

P M Sisk, C A Lovelady, R G Dillard, K J Gruber and T M O’Shea

Journal of Perinatology (2007) 27, 428–433; published online 19 April 2007

Abstract

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a frequent cause of mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Human milk (HM) feeding has been associated with lower risk of NEC. However, mothers of VLBW infants often experience insufficient milk production, resulting in mixed feedings of HM and formula. Moreover, medical complications often limit the volume of feeding they can be given.

Objective: To determine if high proportions of (50% or greater) HM enteral feeding within the first 14 days of life are protective against NEC.
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Donor breast milk versus infant formula for preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis

Catherine A Boyd, Maria A Quigley and Peter Brocklehurst
Archives of Disease in Childhood – Fetal and Neonatal Edition 2007;92:F169-F175

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the effect of donor breast milk with infant formula in preterm infants. Separate comparisons with formula were made for donor breast milk that was: (1) given as a sole diet; (2) given as a supplement to mother’s own breast milk; and (3) fortified with macronutrients and micronutrients. The main outcomes were death, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), infection, growth and development.

Data sources: Electronic databases—Cochrane, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and HMIC: DH.

Review methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of trials and observational studies of preterm or low birthweight infants.
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Consistent Circadian Variations in Creamatocrit over The First 7 Weeks of Lactation: A Longitudinal Study

Ronit Lubetzky, Francis B. Mimouni, Shaul Dollberg, Mazal Salomon, Dror Mandel
Breastfeeding Medicine. 2007, 2(1): 15-18.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that fat content of expressed human milk from mothers of preterm infants is higher in samples expressed in the evening than in the morning during the first 7 weeks of lactation.

Methods: The authors collected samples of expressed human milk obtained from 22 mothers of growing preterm infants, born at 26 to 31 weeks gestation, who routinely expressed all their milk every 3 hours using breast pump from the beginning of the second week to the seventh week after delivery.
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Evaluation of the evidence to support current recommendations to meet the needs of premature infants: the role of human milk

Richard J Schanler

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 85, No. 2, 625S-628S, February 2007

ABSTRACT

The beneficial effects of human milk extend to the feeding of premature infants, because their nutrition support must be designed to compensate for metabolic and gastrointestinal immaturity, immunologic compromise, and maternal psychosocial conditions. Significant effects on the recipient host, such as reduction in sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis, have been reported for premature infants fed their mothers’ milk.
However, nutritional concerns arise because the quantity of nutrients in breast milk may not meet the great nutrient needs of premature infants born weighing <1500 g. Human milk supplements, or fortifiers, are available to augment the nutrient content of unfortified breast milk.
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Effect of evaporation and pasteurization in the biochemical and immunological composition of human milk

Lucylea P. M. Braga, Durval B. Palhares

J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(1):59-63

Introduction

Studies have shown that nutrients in human milk do not provide sufficient amounts of protein, sodium, phosphate and calcium to sustain the proper growth of these preterm infants. This has encouraged the development of new nutritional options for these infants, especially using human milk as a way to maintain their biological value.

Dialysis and ultrafiltration have been used as fractioning method and later fortification of human milk; however, these methods are complex and require sophisticated and costly equipment.

Evaporation of human milk consists in removing some amount of water, thus increasing its concentration.
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