Tag Archive for: Mesterséges táplálás

Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term

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Simmer K, Patole S, Rao SC

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD000376. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000376.pub2.

Background: The n-3 and n-6 fatty acids linolenic acid and linoleic acid are precursors of the n-3 and n-6 long chain fatty acids (LCPUFA). Infant formula has historically only contained the precursor fatty acids. Controversy exists over whether LCPUFA are also essential nutrients in infancy. Over the last few years, some manufacturers have added LCPUFA to formulae and marketed them as providing an advantage for the development of term infants.

Objectives: To assess whether supplementation of formula with LCPUFA is safe and of benefit to term infants.
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Marketing Infant Formula Through Hospitals: the Impact of Commercial Hospital Discharge Packs on Breastfeeding

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Kenneth D. Rosenberg, Carissa A. Eastham, Lauren Kasehagen, Alfredo P. Sandoval

American Journal of Public Health, First Look, published online ahead of print Jan 2, 2008

Abstract

Objectives. Commercial hospital discharge packs are commonly given to new mothers at the time of newborn hospital discharge. We evaluated the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the receipt of commercial hospital discharge packs in a population-based sample of Oregon women who initiated breastfeeding before newborn hospital discharge.

Methods. We analyzed data from the 2000 and 2001 Oregon Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), a population-based survey of postpartum women (n=3895; unweighted response rate=71.6%).

Results.
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International Breastfeeding Initiatives and their Relevance to the Current State of Breastfeeding in the United States

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Marsha Walker
J Midwifery Womens Health 2007;52:549–555

Introduction

Lactation is an ancient process that predates placental gestation. It represents the normal and expected way to feed infants and young children, yet continues to suffer from cultural and commercial barriers that make it difficult for mothers to adhere to the medical recommendation to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months, and to continue breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods for 1 year and beyond.

Infant feeding through the ages has been subject to shifting attitudes toward the mother/child relationship, the understanding (or misunderstanding) of the process of lactation and the composition of human milk, and the escalating acceptance of the use of human milk substitutes.
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Certain hydrolyzed formulas reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis but not that of asthma

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Three-year results of the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study

Andrea von Berg MD, Sibylle Koletzko MD, Birgit Filipiak-Pittroff MSc, Birgit Laubereau MD, Armin Grübl MD, Heinz-Erich Wichmann PhD, MD, Claus-Peter Bauer MD, Dietrich Reinhardt MD, Dietrich Berdel MD and for the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study Group

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Jan 19

Abstract

Background
Recommendations for primary prevention of allergic diseases in high-risk children include feeding with hydrolyzed formulas if breast-feeding is insufficient.

Objective
The primary objective of the German Infant Nutritional Intervention study was to investigate the allergy preventive effect of 3 hydrolyzed formulas compared with cow’s milk formula in the first 3 years of life in a randomized, double-blind trial.
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Enterobacter sakazakii and other bacteria in powdered infant milk formula

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Stephen J. Forsythe
Matern Child Nutr. 2005 Jan;1(1):44-50.

Abstract

Recently there has been considerable concern related to the presence of bacteria, in particular Enterobacter sakazakii, in powdered infant formula milk. This paper considers the bacteria in these products at point of sale, with reference to current microbiological testing and the need for good hygienic practice in their subsequent preparation before feeding. The ingestion of raised numbers of E. sakazakii resulting from temperature abuse after reconstitution is highlighted as well as the uncertain routes of E. sakazakii product contamination.

The microbial flora of powdered infant formula milk

The newborn infant has a sterile gastrointestinal tract that is quickly colonized through oral ingestion (Mackie et al.
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Soy Protein Infant Formulae and Follow-On Formulae: A Commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition.

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Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition. 42(4):352-361, April 2006.

ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition: Agostoni, Carlo; Axelsson, Irene; Goulet, Olivier; Koletzko, Berthold; Michaelsen, Kim Fleischerm; Puntis, John; Rieu, Daniel; Rigo, Jacques; Shamir, Raanan; Szajewska, Hania; Turck, Dominique

Abstract:

This comment by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition summarizes available information on the composition and use of soy protein formulae as substitutes for breastfeeding and cows’ milk protein formulae as well as on their suitability and safety for supporting adequate growth and development in infants.

Soy is a source of protein that is inferior to cows’ milk, with a lower digestibility and bioavailability as well as a lower methionine content.
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Támogatás és érdekellentét

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Az International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN) állásfoglalása

Részlet a dokumentumból:

Az IBFAN hiszi, hogy a csecsemő – és kisgyermek-táplálás bármely vonatkozásával kapcsolatos akármilyen konferenciát, szemináriumot, műhelymunkát vagy más találkozót sem anyagi, sem természetbeni juttatással semmilyen módon, sem közvetlenül, sem közvetetten nem támogathat olyan cég, amely csecsemőtápszerek, bébiételek vagy más, csecsemők és kisgyermekek táplálására szolgáló termék gyártásában, forgalmazásában illetve reklámozásában érdekelt.

A teljes dokumentum oldalunkról letölthető.

Magyar nyelven
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Becoming Baby-Friendly: Overcoming the Issue of Accepting Free Formula

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Anne Merewood, MA, IBCLC, and Barbara L. Philipp, MD, IBCLC

J Hum Lact 16(4), 2000

Baby-Friendly is a World Health Organization/UNICEF international designation that is awarded to hospitals or birthing sites that meet certain criteria related to supporting and promoting breastfeeding. Those criteria are called the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (see Table 1). This article focuses on Step 6 of the Ten Steps: “Give newborn infants no food or drink other than breast milk, unless medically indicated.” To comply fully with the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, an institution must pay fair market price for all formula and infantfeeding supplies that it uses, and it cannot accept free or heavily discounted formula and supplies.
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards related to the microbiological risks in infant formulae

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SUMMARY
Salmonella and Enterobacter sakazakii are the microorganisms of greatest concern in infant formula. This Opinion concentrates on infant formula and E.sakazakii, rather than Salmonella, for which much information is available elsewhere (e.g. SCVPH Opinion on Salmonellae in Foodstuffs, adopted 14-15 April 2003).

Contamination of powdered infant formula with E. sakazakii and with salmonellae has been the cause of infection in infants, sometimes with serious sequelae or death. Although E. sakazakii has caused illness in all age groups of neonates (up to ca 4-6 weeks of age), preterm or low birth weight infants and those immunocompromised are at greatest risk.
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Az Európai Unió enyhítheti a csecsemőtápszerek marketingjére vonatkozó szabályokat

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Egészségügyi szervezetek attól tartanak, hogy az Európai Unió csecsemőtápszerekre vonatkozó törvényi szabályozásáról jelenleg folyó tárgyalások felhigíthatják a létző – a cégek termékeik egészséggel és tápértékkel kapcsolatos kijelentéseire vonatkozó – megszorításokat.
A szervezetek próbálnak nyomást gyakorolni az EU-ra, hogy teljes egészében illessze be az európai törvényi szabályozásba Az anyatejet helyettesítő anyagok marketingjének nemzetközi kódexét ill. a későbbi határozatokat, amelyeket az EU országok támogattak a különböző világegészségügyi közgyűléseken.
BMJ 2004;329:1121

A teljes cikk a British Medical Journal novemberi számában olvasható.
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