A csecsemőtáplálás módjának a csecsemő és az anya egészségére gyakorlt hatásával kapcsolatos kutatási eredmények jól áttekinthető összefoglalása.
Letölthető a La leche League International oldaláról.
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(Effect of breast feeding on intelligence in children: prospective study, sibling pairs analysis, and meta-analysis
Geoff Der, G David Batty, Ian J Deary
BMJ 2006;333:945 (4 November))
A bevezetőben a szerzők megállapítják, hogy 1929 óta sok tanulmány készült, amely a szoptatás és az intelligencia összefüggését vizsgálja, és a legtöbb arra a következtetésre jut, hogy a szoptatott gyerekek IQ-ja magasabb. Viszont – szerintük – a (helyes) következtetések levonását gátolja, ha az egyéb tényezőket nem veszik figyelembe, mivel alapvető különbségek vannak a szoptatást választó és a nem szoptató anyák között.(!) Ezért azok a tanulmányok, amelyek nem zárják ki megfelelően a zavaró tényezőket (hatásokat), elhibázhatják a következtetést a szoptatás valódi hatását illetően.
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Bernardo L. Horta, Rajiv Bahl, José C. Martines, Cesar G. Victora
World Health Organization 2007
Background: Breastfeeding presents clear short-term benefits for child health, mainly protection against morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. On the other hand, there is some controversy on the long-term consequences of breastfeeding. Whereas some studies reported that breastfed subjects present a higher level of school achievement and performance in intelligence
tests, as well as lower blood pressure, lower total cholesterol and a lower prevalence of overweight
and obesity, others have failed to detect such associations.
Objectives: The primary objective of this series of systematic reviews was to assess the effects of breastfeeding on blood pressure, diabetes and related indicators, serum cholesterol, overweight and obesity, and intellectual performance.
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Gibson-Davis CM, Brooks-Gunn J.
Pediatrics. 2006 Nov;118(5):e1444-51.
OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to analyze the effect of maternal verbal ability and education on the association between breastfeeding and children’s cognitive functioning. First, we hypothesized that maternal verbal abilities account for a large portion of the association between breastfeeding and child verbal abilities. Second, we hypothesized that after adjusting for maternal verbal abilities, a positive effect of breastfeeding will be most evident among highly educated mothers, because these mothers may have more opportunity to engage in cognitively stimulating parenting than do mothers with less education.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: With data on 1645 American-born mothers participating in a longitudinal birth cohort study, we used linear regression to determine the influence of breastfeeding for at least 1 month on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Third Edition scores of 3-year-old children.
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Geoff Der, G David Batty, Ian J Deary
BMJ 2006;333:945 (4 November)
Objective To assess the importance of maternal intelligence, and the effect of controlling for it and other important confounders, in the link between breast feeding and children’s intelligence.
Design Examination of the effect of breast feeding on cognitive ability and the impact of a range of potential confounders, in particular maternal IQ, within a national database. Additional analyses compared pairs of siblings from the sample who were and were not breast fed. The results are considered in the context of other studies that have also controlled for parental intelligence via meta-analysis.
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Mortensen EL, Michaelsen KF, Sanders SA, Reinisch JM.
JAMA. 2002 May 8;287(18):2365-71.
CONTEXT: A number of studies suggest a positive association between breastfeeding and cognitive development in early and middle childhood. However, the only previous study that investigated the relationship between breastfeeding and intelligence in adults had several methodological shortcomings.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between duration of infant breastfeeding and intelligence in young adulthood.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective longitudinal birth cohort study conducted in a sample of 973 men and women and a sample of 2280 men, all of whom were born in Copenhagen, Denmark, between October 1959 and December 1961.
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Anderson JW, Johnstone BM, Remley DT.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;70(4):525-35.
BACKGROUND: Although the results of many clinical studies suggest that breast-fed children score higher on tests of cognitive function than do formula-fed children, some investigators have suggested that these differences are related to confounding covariables such as socioeconomic status or maternal education.
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to conduct a meta-analysis of observed differences in cognitive development between breast-fed and formula-fed children.
DESIGN: In this meta-analysis we defined the effect estimate as the mean difference in cognitive function between breast-fed and formula-fed groups and calculated average effects using fixed-effects and random-effects models.
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Lucas A, Morley R, Cole TJ.
BMJ. 1998 Nov 28;317(7171):1481-7.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether perinatal nutrition influences cognitive function at 7 1/2 – 8 years in children born preterm.
DESIGN: Randomised, blinded nutritional intervention trial. Blinded follow up at 7 1/2 – 8 years.
SETTING: Intervention phase in two neonatal units; follow up in a clinic or school setting.
SUBJECTS: 424 preterm infants who weighed under 1850 g at birth; 360 of those who survived were tested at 7 1/2 – 8 years.
INTERVENTIONS: Standard infant formula versus nutrient enriched preterm formula randomly assigned as sole diet (trial A) or supplements to maternal milk (trial B) fed for a mean of 1 month.
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